| | | Set up a pipe. | 
| > | Redirect output to a file. | 
| < | Redirect input from a file. | 
| >> | Append output to an existing file. | 
| / | Separator used in pathnames. | 
| . | Current directory. | 
| .. | Parent directory. | 
| & | Process command in the background. | 
| * | Match any number of characters in filename. | 
| ? | Match any single character in filename. | 
| [] | Match any one of the enclosed characters in filename. | 
| ; | Command separator. | 
| () | Group commands. |